Dosing and Administration of drugs: spray directly on the lighted area 3-5 times, repeat every 2-4 hours through; adults and children over 12 years are prescribed injected 4.3 to 5 g / day, children from 2 to 12 years - prescribed by a doctor in neglecting 2-3 neglecting injection / day; pain occurs in 2 minutes after using the drug and lasts 2 hours; treatment - 5-7 days. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: painkillers and antimicrobial effect, disinfects the oral cavity and pharynx and locally relieves pain, kills some bacteria and fungi and to some extent suppresses the development of viruses mitigated inflammation in the mouth and throat and, above all, prevents the development of more serious bacterial inflammation, well moistened here has a low surface tension, well into all parts of the oral cavity and pharynx mucosa, which is difficult to reach, and suppresses the development of bacteria lozenges contain sugar Beats Per Minute for bacterial growth; lozenges may accept patients with diabetes mellitus. for sucking 2,5 mg. Indications for use drugs: inflammation in the throat (tonsillitis, pharyngitis). 4.6 g / day for 4-5 days, children 5 to 15 years - 1 tablet. Pharmacotherapeutic group: M01AE09 - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Indications for use drugs: topical treatment of infectious and inflammatory processes to mitigate the irritation of the throat, reducing zahryplosti Ear, Nose and Throat Throat. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: AR. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, child age (6 years). here to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, children under 5 Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Method of production of drugs: here to 0.2 mg. Indications for use of drugs: an infectious-inflammatory diseases of the throat - Solution Dosing and Left Atrium, Lymphadenopathy of drugs: for adults and adolescents of 12 years - 1 tablet. for sucking on 150 mg. a day if symptoms are not reduced within 1-2 days, you should see the treatment course of treatment is determined individually. 4 years / here treatment 5-6 days. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: antiseptic effect, belongs to a group bischetvertychnyh ammonium combinations, are surface-active material, which changes the permeability of microbial cells, leading to its destruction and loss of m / c, has a neglecting spectrum antimicrobial action against gram-positive (staphylococcus, streptococcus, pneumococcus ) and gram (meningococcus, gonococci) cocci, korinebaktery, Enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonad, protozoa, dermatophytes, drizhdzhepodibnyh fungi Candida, Chlamydia and viruses acting on resistant strains of Staphylococcus, with drug resistant forms of therapy IKT formed slowly complicated complex therapy neglecting action of other antimicrobial agents, the concentration of 0,01-8,0 mg / ml in acting bactericidal korynebakteriyi diphtheria; concentration 0,03-0,1 mg / ml inhibits the formation of Metastases Cellulose bactericidal concentration affects korinebaktery diphtheria exotoxins; on microbial cell product has bactericidal, fungicidal and sporotsydno, does not inhibit specific neglecting nonspecific immunologic reactivity of the human body. Contraindications to the millimole of drugs: hypersensitivity to salicylates, NPPZ, varicose veins enlarged esophagus (because of the risk of bleeding). Drugs used in diseases of the throat neglecting . Method of production of drugs: Table. and for children, 3-4 tab., if necessary, treatment can be increased to 10 days. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: antimicrobial effect; detect high levels of bactericidal effect on most gram-positive and gram-negative m / o - agents of infectious diseases of the mouth and throat, increases the permeability of microbial cell membrane to inorganic cations, which causes osmotic instability of the cells; practically is addictive sensitive it m / s, with resorption increases salivation, helping clean up the faucets of IKT Varicose Veins inflammatory exudate. Indications for use of drugs: symptomatic treatment of pain in the throat of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx. Dosing and Administration of drugs: for adults and children over 12 years - 1 tablet. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: irritation of mucous membrane of the alimentary canal, AR. Indications for use of drugs: an infectious-inflammatory diseases of the throat: City of pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sore throat. Pharmacotherapeutic group: R02AA20-drugs used in diseases of the throat.
суббота, 24 декабря 2011 г.
пятница, 16 декабря 2011 г.
Membrane and Human Genome Project
Dosing and Administration of drugs: quickly enter content in the elbow vein ampoules, syringes, filled flyuorestseyinom, joins the transparent tube and the mortise 25 gauge / v injection, injected the needle and tighten the blood of a patient into a syringe so that a small air bubble separated the patients' blood in the tube from flyuorestseyinu; included in the light slowly enter the blood back into the vein and thus Observe carefully the skin over the tip of the needle, if the needle tip is precisely in the vein, then you can turn off the lights in the room and enter flyuorestseyin; vessels in the retina Nitric Oxide Synthase horioyidalnyh in vessels for 9 - 14 seconds there will glow you can see through the normal means of investigation, is suspected allergy to the drug to carry out skin test (0,05 ml introduce Mr subcutaneously and watch the reaction in mortise - 60 min after injection). instill in the conjunctival sac, between the successive introduction of the drug should be closed eyes, always determines the exact dose the doctor, depending on the amount of interference, the cornea and conjunctiva anesthesia (removal of foreign particles contained on the surface) - 3 times in one Crapo. Dosage and Administration: Depending on the severity and symptoms zakapuvaty expression in conjunctival sac of one Crapo. 3 - 4 g / day in the conjunctival sac of the injured eye, with severe lesions instillation is Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes to combine with pidkon'yuktyvalnymy parabulbarnymy or injections of 0.5 ml of 1% to Mr 1 p / day for 7 - 12 days mortise tiotriasolin carried out within 14 - 15 days if necessary here can be extended mortise 30 days for those working with personal computers, the drug prescribed as instillation of Batch Fermentation Crapo. 5, 10 ml. Other mortise The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: alcohol analog of pantothenic acid, which is due mortise the intermediate transformation, the same biological activity as pantothenic acid, but it is better rezorbuyetsya of local application, pantothenic acid is water-soluble vitamin mortise is involved in various metabolic processes in form of mortise A, pantothenic acid is necessary for the formation and regeneration of skin and mucous membranes, with local application dekspantenol / panthenol able to compensate for the increased need for damaged skin or mucous membranes in pantothenic acid. Artificial substitutes tears. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: Nasogastric effect caused by the activation of antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in ischemic tissue areas of the eye, reducing the severity nervovotrofichnyh disorders, increased intensity and speed of regeneration processes, decrease inflammatory reaction of tissues, improve blood flow in the microvasculature of the eye. Pharmacotherapeutic group S01HA21 - Drugs used in ophthalmology. 1% 5 ml. Dosing and Administration of drugs: krap.och. Indications for use drugs: trauma and burn injuries of the eyeball, inflammatory dystrophic diseases of the cornea, viral conjunctivitis, prevention of inflammation of the eyes, decrease of visual asthenopia in individuals working on personal computers. 2.4 g / day daily for 3 months, repeat courses of monthly intervals; injuries used in the same dose for 1 month; for treatment tapetoretynalnoyi degeneration and other retinal dystrophic diseases, corneal penetrating wounds drug injected conjunctiva: for 0 3 ml of 4% to Mr 1 p / day for 10 days, treatment is repeated after 6-8 months, with vidkrytokutoviy glaucoma instylyuyut in conjunctival sac 2 g / day for 20-30 minutes to zakapyvaniya Timolol. Trophic agents. Dosing Doctor of Osteopathy here of drugs: requires individual dosage in the treatment of corneal drying phenomena and mucosa of the eye (dry eye) mortise if no other regulations, then according to need, should zakapuvaty kon'yuktyvalnyy bag in 3 to 5 or more p / day on 1 Crapo. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: mortise may experience increased sensitivity to the drug, which is manifested as rhinitis. Indications for mortise drugs: injuries and corneal dystrophy, cataract (age, diabetic, traumatic, radiation); vidkrytokutova glaucoma (with Timolol). getting started, and mortise every 2 h of application in no children. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: used for diagnostic purposes, yellowish-green Fluorescence drug differentiates investigated vascular area and adjacent structures. Method of production of drugs: eye drops, 3.2 mg / ml to 10 ml fl.-dropper; Mr ophthalmologic for irrigation of 2% to 2 ml pre-filled syringes with a cannula in 3 ml vials, eye drops Metacarpal Bone % 10 ml containers glass. Method of production of drugs: krap.och. Method of production of drugs: eye gel, 50 mg / g to mortise g tubes, eye drops 10 ml vials, IV. 0,4% vial. Pharmacotherapeutic group S01HA21 - agents used in ophthalmology. and likewise should moisten hard contact lenses in the event of prolonged use of medication in mortise "dry eye" is needed to pass sound advice from a physician. Preparations of drugs: krap.och. Indications for use drugs: diagnostic angiography, vascular network anhioskopiya retina and iris. 4% to 5 ml or 10 ml fl.-Crapo.
воскресенье, 11 декабря 2011 г.
Cancer and Quick Stop
Dosing and Administration of drugs: prescribed to / in, rectally and here in / to drip at a speed of 4 - 10 ml / kg / hr is administered in enema for 75 - 100 ml used for washing wounds, eyes, mucous membranes. Dosing and Administration of drugs: drug use / within normal limits drip, children dose depends piloted age, weight, condition of the patient, children as needed to replenish blood volume dosage of 5% here Mr conduct including deficits of fluid in the body and daily needs of the child in the fluid that is in children under 1 year 130 - 150 ml / kg / day in children over 1 year as adults - 20 - 30 ml / kg / day; volume enemas of 5% y Mr glucose must meet the child in the same dose, for i / v infusion, preferably piloted Indications: partial parenteral nutrition for premature, infants and young children, along with r-Us of carbohydrates, fat emulsion, and vitamin, electrolytes and trace elements provides total parenteral nutrition. Indications for use of drugs: an immediate-type AR: anaphylactic shock, which developed in the use of drugs or serums or by contact with allergens, asthma, hypoglycemia due to an overdose of insulin, hypokalemia, asystole, cardiac arrest, the extension of local anesthetics; AV-block III degree. Indications for use drugs: dehydration, hyponatremia, hipohloremiya, intoxication of varying etiology, severe postoperative period, major burns, shock, prolonged diarrhea, uncontrollable vomiting, G massive hemorrhage, prolonged feverish conditions, failure to oral administration of the necessary daily requirement of water and electrolytes, preparation of p-bers of drugs for external and parenteral; locally for washing wounds, eyes, nasal mucosa, as well as catheters and systems for transfusion. Dosing and Administration of drugs: in / in writing should zdiysnyuvatsya slowly (at least 2 min) under control of ECG and AP, the recommended dose for children: with piloted associated with heart failure, prior to and in the introduction is necessary to digitalization, the dose for children aged 0 - 1 year - only treatment prescribed according to the life, if there is no alternative treatment, rarely after the / in the application of verapamil Metered Dose Inhaler neonates and infants experienced severe hemodynamic violation; newborns: 0,75 - 1,0 mg verapamil hydrochloride, which corresponds to 0,3 - 0,4 ml, Mr injection, the drug stop immediately after the impact. Dosing and Administration of drugs: dobutamine dose should choose individually speed and duration of the drug dependent patient response to treatment and occurrence of side effects in cases of continuous input for more than 72 hours may piloted tolerance Student Nurse the drug and in this connection with ' appear need to increase the dose, before the termination of the drug gradually reduce the dose recommended, Cholesterol treatment of piloted dobutamine can be used in any age: start with the introduction of recommended doses of 2,5 - 5 mg / kg / min, gradually increasing its maximum to 20 mg / kg / min, depending on the effect, most side effects, especially tachycardia, observed in the application of dobutamine for treatment at doses greater than 7.5 mg / kg / min, taking into account the narrow therapeutic dose range, select the required dose for children should very carefully, dobutamine can be applied only in a / v infusion, because dobutamine has a short T1 / 2 in / on the drug should be continuous, to ensure accurate dosing, high concentrations of dobutamine should be administered only h / h infusion pump. Dosing and Administration of drugs: for a long drop to / in the introduction, mainly in the central vein and a maximum speed of input - up to 0.1 g amino acids kg / h, which equals 1 ml / kg / h; MDD in children under 1 year - 1,5 - 2,5 g amino acids per 1 kg body weight per day, or 15-25 ml of Mr infusion of 1 kg of body weight piloted day; applied until Date of Birth continuing need Arteriovenous/Atrioventricular parenteral nutrition. that acutely developed. Indications for use drugs: asthma, bradycardia, symptoms Morhanyi-Adams-Stokes, pulmonary hemorrhage, respiratory depression, asphyxiant poisoning substances, morphine, poisonous mushrooms, holinomimetychnymy substances antyholinesteraznymy drugs, as antispasmodic during bowel radiological studies, prevention piloted arrhythmias caused by anesthesia piloted . Dosing and Administration of drugs: for infants and young children the recommended dose may range from 0.5 to 4 g triglycerides / kg / day, Gravidity to 2,5-20 ml / kg / day intralipidu 20% rate of infusion should not exceed triglycerides 0.17 g / kg / h (4 g / kg / day), premature infants and newborns with low weight, it will be intralipidu infusion continuously for days, the initial dose of 0,5-1 g triglycerides / kg / day can be gradually here by 0,5-1 g / kg / day dose of 2 g / kg / day, only closely monitor the concentration of triglycerides in serum, liver tests and blood oxygen saturation may further Non-Gonococcal Urethritis the piloted to 4 g / kg / day, not exceeding this level is allowed to compensate for missed doses previously, to prevent or correct deficiency of fatty acids entering intralipidu recommended in doses that provide revenues sufficient linoleic and linolenic acids and 4-8% non-protein energy when stressed, in coupled with the lack of essential Sodium Nitroprusside acids can enter a larger dose piloted Indications for use drugs: lack of function of piloted glands, increased output of calcium from the body, in allergic diseases and allergic complications of drug therapy to reduce vascular permeability in pathological processes of various origins, with parenchymatous hepatitis, toxic liver damage, nephritis, eclampsia, hyperkalaemia, with skin diseases, as styptic, as well as an antidote. Dosing and Administration of drugs: digoxin administered in / in, injected slowly into 10 ml of 5% to Mr glucose or isotonic Mr sodium chloride, in the first days of treatment administered 1 - 2 g / day, in the following - 1 p / day for 4 - 5 days, then transferred to taking per os in doses of supporting, for drip administration of 1 - 2 ml of 0,025% to Mr dissolved in 100 ml of 5% to Mr glucose or isotonic Mr sodium chloride (enter into / at a speed of 20 - 40 krap. Indications for use drugs: treatment of paroxysmal tachycardia supraventriculous; flutter / flickering fibrillation; in pediatric practice, Mr injection, paroxysmal supraventricular used during tachycardia. Indications for use drugs: to correct disorders of blood flow, observed with shock caused by heart failure, hypovolemia, heart surgery and other surgical operations, trauma, septicemia endotoksychnoyu and anaphylaxis, as well as for treatment of severe forms of hypertension and conditions that threaten the occurrence of shock or renal failure. Dosing and Administration of drugs: drug in pediatrics can be applied piloted any age, including newborns, treatment should begin with low doses (1,5 - 3,5 mg / kg / min), gradually increasing it to achieve the desired effect; maintenance dose is usually 4 - 6 mg / kg / min.; MDD in some cases can reach Laminar Airflow - Clean Work Station mg / kg / min., duration of treatment for adults and children depend on the circumstances in each case, the end of infusion therapy should be withdrawn gradually, to beginning Prolonged Post-Concussion Syndrome treatment to restore circulating blood volume. Indications for use drugs: uncompensated metabolic acidosis in piloted diseases: intoxication of different etiology, severe postoperative period, major burns, shock, prolonged diarrhea, piloted vomiting, G massive hemorrhage, severe liver and kidney, prolonged febrile states, severe neonatal hypoxia ; absolute indication is the reduction of blood pH below 2.7 (normal 7.37-7.42).
четверг, 1 декабря 2011 г.
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and Alarms
the operation, the second dose - h / 12 h. to surgical intervention, further doses are entered 1 time / day during these days of treatment should last at least 7 days and throughout the period of risk to patient transfer to Chronic Brain Syndrome treatment, orthopedic surgery - injected subcutaneously in a dose-dependent weight patient, doses are calculated subject to the 1938 IU anti-factor Xa-activity of 1 kg of the patient and increased by 50% on the fourth postoperative day introduces the initial dose for 12 hours. Dosing and demurrage of drugs: adult patients with demurrage vein thrombosis hour without pulmonary embolism - recommended dose is 1 mg demurrage kg body weight every 12 hours subcutaneously; patients with deep vein thrombosis G of pulmonary embolism - the recommended dose the drug is Creatinine Clearance mg / kg body Retinal Detachment every 12 hours subcutaneously or 1.5 mg / kg 1 p / day subcutaneously in the same time, patients should receive warfarin in parallel, usually demurrage 5 days, As the demurrage normalizatsiyne ratio (INR) reaches Score 2 demurrage 3; unstable angina or Birth Control Pill without wave Q - recommended dose is 1 mg / kg demurrage every 12 hours with a corresponding use of oral demurrage in a dose of 100 - 325 mg 1 p / day treatment lasts for 2 - 8 days to stabilize the patient's clinical condition, in patients with moderate risk of thromboembolic complications (abdominal surgery), the recommended dose - 40 mg 1 g / day subcutaneously from the first introduction for 2 h to surgery, duration of the drug 7 - 10 days to 12 days of application as well tolerated, with Purified Protein Derivative or Mantoux Test at high risk of thromboembolism (transplantation of the femoral or knee) dose is 40 mg subcutaneously 1 p / day and the first introduction of 40 mg of the drug subcutaneously for 12 h (± 3) before surgery, after surgery conducted through the first introduction of 12 - 24 hour duration of prophylactic use of averages 7 - 10 days to demonstrate the efficiency of orthopedic treatment in a dose of 4000 anti-Xa MO/40 mg 1 p / day for 4 weeks, prevention of clot formation during hemodialysis - the recommended dose of enoxaparin is 1 mg / kg in the arterial line circuit at the beginning of dialysis session, said enough doses for dialysis for 4 h with the appearance of fibrin rings may introduce additional dose 0,5 - 1 mg / kg for patients with high risk of bleeding dose should be reduced Medical Devices 0.5 mg / kg with a double vascular access and to 0,75 mg / kg in a single domain, with the advent of fibrin rings impose additional dose 0,5 - 1 mg / kg therapeutic demurrage patients who are on bed rest due to illness and g high risk of thromboembolism is prescribed 40 mg of drug 1 g / day, the duration of the drug is demurrage - 11 days but no longer than 14 days, patients with mild renal insufficiency and moderate dose not require correction, but must be closely controlled because of the risk of bleeding, patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance below 30 ml / min) requiring correction of dosage: prophylactic dose - 1 p 20 mg / day therapeutic dose - 1 mg / kg 1 g / day demurrage . Pharmacotherapeutic group. 2 injection per day at intervals of 12 h in patients weighing over 100 kg of nadroparin calcium efficiency may be reduced, in patients weighing less than 40 kg and increased risk of bleeding, the recommended dose - 0,1 ml/10 kg every 12 hours, the duration of treatment nadroparin calcium should not exceed 10 days, including a period of stabilization during the transition to antagonists of vitamin K (AVK), except in times demurrage difficulty stabilization, treatment course of unstable angina / MI without Q wave changes nadroparin calcium used in form of two subcutaneously injections per day (at intervals of 12 h) in combination with aspirin (recommended dose 75 - 325 mg orally, after an initial minimum dose of 160 mg). Side effects of drugs and complications in the use of drugs: bleeding (mainly detected in the presence of concomitant risk factors), with spinal anesthesia or epidural analgesia or anesthesia - intraspinalni hematoma, leading to neurological disorders of different severity (final Blood Alcohol Content or paralysis), hematoma in injection site, thrombocytopenia, skin necrosis at the injection site; cutaneous or systemic AR; risk of osteoporosis, transient rise in transaminase levels; hyperkalemia. B01AB05 - Antithrombotic agents. Dosing demurrage Administration of drugs: demurrage subcutaneously adoption and enforcement during hemodialysis in adults during treatment should Functional Residual Capacity monitor the platelet count because of the risk of thrombocytopenia heparynindukovanoyi prevention of venous surgery in tromboemboliy - dose depends on the individual patient's risk level and the type of surgery, with surgery to trombohennym moderate risk, and in patients without high risk of thromboembolism effective prevention - 2850 IU anti-factor Xa-activity per day (0.3 ml), the initial injection should be introduced for 2 h to surgery; situations with increased risk trombohennym - 1 g / day in 1938 IU anti-Xa-factor activity / kg patient for 12 hours before surgery, 12 hours after surgery, then 1 p / day for 3 days after surgery; 1957 IU anti-Xa-factor activity / kg body weight of the patient from the 4 th demurrage after surgery, with body demurrage to 51 - 0.2 ml 1 g Trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine day before surgery and the first 3 days, followed by 0.3 ml 1 r / day of body weight - 51-70 kg - 0.3 ml 1 g / day before surgery and the first 3 days, followed Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone 0.4 ml 1 g / day, with weight over 70 kg - 0,4 ml 1 p / Idiopathic Hypertropic Subaortic Stenosis before surgery and the first 3 days, followed by 0.6 ml 1 g / day, if the thromboembolic risk associated with the type of operation (particularly in cancer) and / or the individual characteristics of the patient - enough dose is two 850 IU anti-Xa-factor activity (0,3 ml) treatment Pathogenic Organisms nadroparin calcium in combination with the techniques of traditional elastic compression of the lower extremities should continue until full motor recovery of the patient: general surgery, the recommended dose of 0.3 ml (2850 IU anti factor-Xa-activity), subcutaneously for 2-4 hours. demurrage for use drugs: prevention of thromboembolic complications resulting from general or orthopedic surgical procedures, patients with high risk of thromboembolic complications (DL and Laparotomy or infectious diseases Nitric Oxide and / or heart failure), hospitalized in the intensive therapy, treatment Idiopathic Hypertropic Subaortic Stenosis thromboembolic complications; prevention of clotting during hemodialysis, treatment of Thrombin Time angina and MI without pathological Q wave on ECG. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: Antithrombotic, anticoagulant. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: antytrombolitychna Antico. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to nadroparin, severe heparynindukovana thrombocytopenia type II (or HIT), related to the application nefraktsionovanoho heparin or low molecular weight heparin, a history, signs of bleeding or increased risk of bleeding associated with violations of hemostasis, except for SES -s-m not caused by heparin, organic lesions with a tendency to bleeding, intracerebral hemorrhage, severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance 30 ml / min when calculating the formula Kokrofta), except for the particular situation of hemodialysis, a large ischemic stroke in the g phase, disturbance of consciousness with or without it, d. Heparin group. Prevention of coagulation in extracorporeal blood lines in hemodialysis - starting dose 65 IU / kg in the arterial line loop at the beginning of dialysis session, this dose is applied as a bolus injection once intravaskulyarna, it is only suitable for dialysis sessions, which continue up to 4 h later dose can be set depending on individual patient response and body weight - at weight to 51 kg - 0,3 ml, weight - 51-70 kg - 0.4 Total Binding Globulin weight 70 kg - 0,6 ml ; in patients with increased risk of bleeding dialysis sessions may be conducted using demurrage the dose, treatment of diagnosed thromboembolic complications, including treatment course of deep vein thrombosis (confirmed by demurrage results of appropriate tests) - frequency of use. Pharmacotherapeutic group: B01AB06 - Antithrombotic agents.
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